Deep Tectono-Geodynamic Aspects of Development of the Nubian-Arabian Region and Its Relationship with Subsurface Structure

At present, a vital influence of regional tectono-geodynamical factors to environmental features is obvious. The Nubian-Arabian region contains such important geological-geophysical phenomena as (1) remnant collision of the ancient Neotethys Ocean, (2) wide development of the continental rifting zones with elements of triple junction, (3) a giant Ural-African geoid's step, (4) richest hydrocarbon reserves in the world, and (5) presence of the most ancient oceanic crust in the world (Kiama paleomagnetic hyperzone of inverse polarity). This region is also distinguished by several significant historical geological-geophysical events: (1) the Messinian crisis, (2) high seismicity, (3) active volcanism, (4) essential influence of sea level fluctuations and landscape changes to early hominid origin and evolution in Africa, and (5) uniqueness of the modern geological, geophysical and climatic regional factors. The significant influence of geological and geophysical factors on the environment is undoubted. However, we are only at the beginning of the study of this complex impact. For examination of the aforementioned problems, geophysical (satellite gravity, airborne magnetic, seismic, thermal, etc.) and geological (tectonic, geodynamical, structural, geomorphological, cyclic and event stratigraphy, paleobiogeographical, biochemical, etc.) methods were applied.