TY - JOUR
T1 - CXCL6 (granulocyte chemotactic protein-2)
T2 - A novel chemokine involved in the innate immune response of the amniotic cavity
AU - Mittal, Pooja
AU - Romero, Roberto
AU - Kusanovic, Juan Pedro
AU - Edwin, Samuel S.
AU - Gotsch, Francesca
AU - Mazaki-tovi, Shali
AU - Espinoza, Jimmy
AU - Erez, Offer
AU - Nhan-Chang, Chia Ling
AU - Than, Nandor G.
AU - Vaisbuch, Edi
AU - Hassan, Sonia S.
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Problem: CXCL6 is a potent pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemoattractant and activator whose activity during pregnancy is not well-established. The purpose of this study was to determine if CXCL6 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and if CXCL6 concentrations in AF change with labor (pre-term and term) or intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). Method of study: A cross-sectional study was designed including the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n=65); (2) term no labor (n=20); (3) term labor (n=44); (4) patients with pre-term labor (PTL) with subsequent term delivery (n=57); (5) PTL without IAI who delivered pre-term (n=47); and (6) PTL with IAI (n=62). AF CXCL6 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results: CXCL6 was present in all term samples, but undetectable in 64/65 mid-trimester specimens. Patients with PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median AF CXCL6 concentration than those with PTL without IAI [228.9 pg/mL (0.0-8344.8) versus 55.7 pg/mL (0-454.4); P<0.05] and those with PTL and term delivery [41.5 pg/mL (0-279.0); P<0.05]. The median AF CXCL6 concentration did not change with spontaneous term labor [term no labor: 81.1 pg/mL (8.5-201.7) versus term labor: 75.2 pg/mL (6.7-378.7): P=0.7]. Conclusion: (1) CXCL6 is detectable in AF and its concentration increases with gestational age; (2) IAI results in increased AF CXCL6 concentrations, suggesting that CXCL6 plays a role in the deployment of an inflammatory response; (3) In contrast to related chemokines, specifically IL-8, AF CXCL6 does not appear to be involved in spontaneous term parturition. These observations are novel, and suggest a role for CXCL6 in the innate immune response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
AB - Problem: CXCL6 is a potent pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemoattractant and activator whose activity during pregnancy is not well-established. The purpose of this study was to determine if CXCL6 is present in amniotic fluid (AF) and if CXCL6 concentrations in AF change with labor (pre-term and term) or intra-amniotic infection/inflammation (IAI). Method of study: A cross-sectional study was designed including the following groups: (1) mid-trimester (n=65); (2) term no labor (n=20); (3) term labor (n=44); (4) patients with pre-term labor (PTL) with subsequent term delivery (n=57); (5) PTL without IAI who delivered pre-term (n=47); and (6) PTL with IAI (n=62). AF CXCL6 concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results: CXCL6 was present in all term samples, but undetectable in 64/65 mid-trimester specimens. Patients with PTL and IAI had a significantly higher median AF CXCL6 concentration than those with PTL without IAI [228.9 pg/mL (0.0-8344.8) versus 55.7 pg/mL (0-454.4); P<0.05] and those with PTL and term delivery [41.5 pg/mL (0-279.0); P<0.05]. The median AF CXCL6 concentration did not change with spontaneous term labor [term no labor: 81.1 pg/mL (8.5-201.7) versus term labor: 75.2 pg/mL (6.7-378.7): P=0.7]. Conclusion: (1) CXCL6 is detectable in AF and its concentration increases with gestational age; (2) IAI results in increased AF CXCL6 concentrations, suggesting that CXCL6 plays a role in the deployment of an inflammatory response; (3) In contrast to related chemokines, specifically IL-8, AF CXCL6 does not appear to be involved in spontaneous term parturition. These observations are novel, and suggest a role for CXCL6 in the innate immune response to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
KW - Amniotic fluid
KW - CXCL6
KW - Chemokine
KW - Intraamniotic inflammation/infection
KW - Pre-term labor
KW - Pregnancy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=50149106539&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00620.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2008.00620.x
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C2 - 18782286
AN - SCOPUS:50149106539
SN - 1046-7408
VL - 60
SP - 246
EP - 257
JO - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
JF - American Journal of Reproductive Immunology
IS - 3
ER -