Complications of maxillary sinus augmentations in a selective series of patients

Objectives: The purpose of this case series was to describe late complications of maxillary sinus augmentation procedures, including paranasal sinusitis and oroantral fistula, and to discuss the definitive surgical methods of treatment. Study design: The case series included 13 patients hospitalized for a failed lateral-approach maxillary sinus augmentation, performed by a dental practitioner, with or without simultaneous implant placement. Data on patient gender and age, presenting signs and symptoms, radiographic appearance, method of repair, and follow-up were recorded. Results: There were 7 female and 6 male patients aged 53-74 years. Twenty-six of the total 34 implants inserted failed, of which 7 were displaced into the sinus. All patients had maxillary sinusitis, and 2 also had an inflammation of other paranasal sinuses. Ten patients presented with an oroantral fistula. Review of the files of the referring practitioner revealed the preoperative presence of chronic maxillary sinusitis in 4 patients and an odontogenic cyst in 1. Caldwell-Luc operation served as the definitive surgical treatment. All fistulas were successfully closed by a palatal rotation advancement flap (8 patients) or a buccal flap (2 patients). Conclusions: Thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation is necessary before sinus procedures to minimize complications. Total elimination of sinusitis and other pathologic conditions is recommended before maxillary sinus augmentation and implant surgery.