Complicated Clinical Course and Poor Reproductive Outcomes of Women with Tubo-Ovarian Abscess after Fertility Treatments

Study Objective: To assess the clinical course and surgical and fertility outcomes of patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) after fertility treatment. Design: Parallel case series over 10 consecutive years (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting: Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. Patients: Thirty-seven women who were diagnosed with TOA after fertility treatments (in vitro fertilization and intrauterine insemination) were compared with 313 women who were diagnosed with TOA not associated with fertility treatments during the same time period. Intervention: Medical records search, chart review, and phone survey were used to assess clinical course and surgical and reproductive outcomes. Measurements and Main Results: Women with TOA after fertility treatments had significantly higher inflammatory markers upon admission compared with the nonfertility treatment group (mean white blood cell count, 16.1 × 1000/mm³ [standard deviation [SD], ±4.3] vs 13.8 × 1000/mm³ [SD, ±6.3], p =.001, respectively; and mean C-reactive protein, 149 mg/L [SD, ±78.3] vs 78.2 mg/L [SD, ±68.5], p =.001, respectively). In addition, TOA after fertility treatments was associated with a significantly higher surgical intervention rate and a more complicated clinical course, as evidenced by a shorter time interval from admission to surgery (2.1 days vs 3.2 days, p =.01), higher rates of antibiotic failure, higher conversion rate from laparoscopy to laparotomy (14.2% vs 3.2%, p =.005), increased perioperative complications rate (25.0% vs 3.8%, p =.0001), and a longer hospitalization stay (7.2 days vs 4.8 days, p =.01). Clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in women with TOA after fertility treatments was 9%, and 1 case of live birth was recorded. Conclusions: Our data indicate that TOA after fertility treatment has a substantial effect on the clinical course and surgical outcome. Prophylactic antibiotic treatment before ovum retrieval and deferral of embryo transfer should be considered in patients at risk of infection.