@article{de4d9fbee6f94727a614b194909ee29b,
title = "Chemical and biological monitoring in ephemeral and intermittent streams: A study of two transboundary Palestinian-Israeli watersheds",
abstract = "Although ephemeral streams constitute critical natural resources in dryland environments, water regulations and monitoring protocols typically focus on perennial streams, and may not always be appropriate for characterizing intermittent systems. The article presents findings from a comprehensive evaluation of environmental conditions in two ephemeral transboundary streams: the Hebron/Besor and Zomar/Alexander. The streams are representative of numer-ous watersheds which originate in Palestinian land and flow into Israel. Transboundary streams in the region exhibit high concentrations of point and non-point sources of pollution. Many of the region's streams that in the past had no flow except for isolated storm incidents have emerged as perennial streams, channelling raw or partially treated industrial or municipal wastes. Management of these natural resources constitutes a unique challenge because of the complex local political circumstances. The article presents chemical and biological monitoring results, identifying high levels of non-point source nutrient runoff during rainfall events and high percolation of contaminated streamwater during its flow that should be addressed in future restoration strategies. The practical challenges associated with the monitoring of ephemeral streams are also discussed with suggestions for future studies and management efforts.",
keywords = "Monitoring, Non-point source runoff, Rivers, Streams, Surface water hydrology, Transmission loss, Water management",
author = "Alon Tal and Khateeb, {Nader Al} and Neta Nagouker and Hila Akerman and Mousa Diabat and Alice Nassar and Roey Angel and Sadah, {Muath Abu} and Yaron Hershkovitz and Avital Gasith and Amjad Aliewi and Dima Halawani and Adam Abramson and Amjad Assi and Laronne, {Jonathan B.} and Lior Asaf",
note = "Funding Information: The authors express their gratitude to the USAID – MERC program for its financial support of this research. This research was supported by a grant from the Middle East Research and Cooperation Program, USAID. The excellent suggestions of two anonymous reviewers is gratefully acknowledged.",
year = "2010",
doi = "10.1080/15715124.2010.491796",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "8",
pages = "185--205",
journal = "International Journal of River Basin Management",
issn = "1571-5124",
publisher = "Taylor and Francis Ltd.",
number = "2",
}