Broad phylogenetic analysis of cation/proton antiporters reveals transport determinants

Gal Masrati, Manish Dwivedi, Abraham Rimon, Yael Gluck-Margolin, Amit Kessel, Haim Ashkenazy, Itay Mayrose, Etana Padan, Nir Ben-Tal*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

65 Scopus citations

Abstract

Cation/proton antiporters (CPAs) play a major role in maintaining living cells’ homeostasis. CPAs are commonly divided into two main groups, CPA1 and CPA2, and are further characterized by two main phenotypes: ion selectivity and electrogenicity. However, tracing the evolutionary relationships of these transporters is challenging because of the high diversity within CPAs. Here, we conduct comprehensive evolutionary analysis of 6537 representative CPAs, describing the full complexity of their phylogeny, and revealing a sequence motif that appears to determine central phenotypic characteristics. In contrast to previous suggestions, we show that the CPA1/CPA2 division only partially correlates with electrogenicity. Our analysis further indicates two acidic residues in the binding site that carry the protons in electrogenic CPAs, and a polar residue in the unwound transmembrane helix 4 that determines ion selectivity. A rationally designed triple mutant successfully converted the electrogenic CPA, EcNhaA, to be electroneutral.

Original languageEnglish
Article number4205
JournalNature Communications
Volume9
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Dec 2018

Funding

FundersFunder number
Abraham E. Kazan Chair
DIP
German-Israeli Project Cooperation
Tel-Aviv University
Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftLA3655/1-1
Tel Aviv University
Council for Higher Education
Planning and Budgeting Committee of the Council for Higher Education of Israel

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