Blockade of the co-inhibitory molecule PD-1 unleashes ILC2-dependent antitumor immunity in melanoma

Nicolas Jacquelot*, Cyril Seillet, Minyu Wang, Angela Pizzolla, Yang Liao, Soroor Hediyeh-zadeh, Sharon Grisaru-Tal, Cynthia Louis, Qiutong Huang, Jaring Schreuder, Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, Carolyn A. de Graaf, Kevin Thia, Sean Macdonald, Mary Camilleri, Kylie Luong, Shengbo Zhang, Michael Chopin, Tristan Molden-Hauer, Stephen L. NuttViktor Umansky, Bogoljub Ciric, Joanna R. Groom, Paul S. Foster, Philip M. Hansbro, Andrew N.J. McKenzie, Daniel H.D. Gray, Andreas Behren, Jonathan Cebon, Eric Vivier, Ian P. Wicks, Joseph A. Trapani, Ariel Munitz, Melissa J. Davis, Wei Shi, Paul J. Neeson, Gabrielle T. Belz

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

105 Scopus citations

Abstract

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are essential to maintain tissue homeostasis. In cancer, ILC2s can harbor both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic functions, but we know little about their underlying mechanisms or whether they could be clinically relevant or targeted to improve patient outcomes. Here, we found that high ILC2 infiltration in human melanoma was associated with a good clinical prognosis. ILC2s are critical producers of the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which coordinates the recruitment and activation of eosinophils to enhance antitumor responses. Tumor-infiltrating ILC2s expressed programmed cell death protein-1, which limited their intratumoral accumulation, proliferation and antitumor effector functions. This inhibition could be overcome in vivo by combining interleukin-33-driven ILC2 activation with programmed cell death protein-1 blockade to significantly increase antitumor responses. Together, our results identified ILC2s as a critical immune cell type involved in melanoma immunity and revealed a potential synergistic approach to harness ILC2 function for antitumor immunotherapies.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)851-864
Number of pages14
JournalNature Immunology
Volume22
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2021

Funding

FundersFunder number
Allergan and Compugen
Australian Government NHMRC
CRISPR Therapeutics
Cancer Biology Research Center
Cure Cancer Australia
Melbourne Research Scholarship
Reid Charitable Trusts
Richard Eimert Research Fund on Solid Tumors
Roche Genentech
Walter and Eliza Hall Institute
Israel Cancer Research Fund
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Victorian Cancer Agency
John T. Reid Charitable Trusts
Merck Sharp and Dohme
Department of Health and Human Services, State Government of Victoria
Australian Government
Medical Research CouncilU105178805
Medical Research Council
National Health and Medical Research Council1054925, 1135898, 1155342, 1122277, 1165443, 1154325, 1123000, 1113577, 1175134, 1140406, 1158024, 1196235
National Health and Medical Research Council
Cancer Council NSWRG21-05
Cancer Council NSW
Cancer Australia1158085, 1163990
Cancer Australia
Cure Cancer Australia FoundationGNT1163990
Cure Cancer Australia Foundation
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft259332240/RTG 2099
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation2015163
United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation
Israel Cancer Association
Israel Science Foundation886/15, 542/20
Israel Science Foundation
Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer
Tel Aviv University
State Government of Victoria
Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University
Commonwealth Serum Laboratories

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