Abstract
COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals’ 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1059-1064 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Science |
Volume | 380 |
Issue number | 6649 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 9 Jun 2023 |
Funding
Funders | Funder number |
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Wyoming Governor’s Big Game License Coalition | |
Knobloch Family Foundation | |
Greensboro Science Center | |
British Ecological Society | |
Saxon Ministry for Science, Culture and Tourism | |
Bowhunters of Wyoming | |
College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York | |
Barbara Watkins | |
Koniag Native Corporation | |
U.S. Bureau of Land Management | |
Department of Environment and Natural Resources | |
FEDER EU | |
Sigrid Rausing Trust | |
Naturvårdsverket | |
Aage V. Jensen Naturfond | |
Boone and Crockett Club | |
Center of Advanced Systems Understanding | |
David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation | |
Safari Club International and Alberta Conservation Association | |
Wyoming Game and Fish Department | |
Royal Zoological Society of Scotland | |
Dutch Research Council NWO | |
Foundation for North American Wild Sheep | |
Kodiak Brown Bear Trust | |
Grand Teton Association | |
Disney Conservation Fund | |
Wyoming Wild Sheep Foundation | |
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung | |
Slovenia Hunters Association and Slovenia Forest Service | |
Ministry of Environment and Tourism Namibia | |
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme | |
Mongolian Academy of Sciences | |
Bernd Thies-Stiftung | |
State University of New York | |
Aix-Marseille Université | |
Alaska Department of Fish and Game | |
Old Harbor Native Corporation | |
U.S. Forest Service | |
European Commission | |
Miljødirektoratet | |
Agencia Estatal de Investigación | |
Parks Canada | |
Sächsisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst | |
EuroNatur Stiftung | |
Habitat Conservation Trust Foundation | |
Wyoming Game and Fish Commission | |
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service | |
World Wildlife Fund | |
Lord Kelvin Adam Smith fund | |
Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory | |
Ecotone Telemetry company | |
Messerli Foundation in Switzerland | |
Yellowstone Forever | |
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources | |
Muley Fanatic Foundation | |
National Park Service | |
Wyoming Wildlife/Livestock Disease Research Partnership | |
Wyoming Animal Damage Management Board | |
Wyoming Wildlife and Natural Resource Trust | |
North Florida Wildlife Center | |
Wolf Conservation Trust | |
Institute of Petroleum Engineering, University of Tehran | |
Batubay Özkan | |
Zoo Miami | |
Zoo Miami Foundation | |
ANR-16-CE02-0010 | |
Radboud Excellence Initiative | |
Alberta Environment and Parks | |
American Society of Mammalogists African Graduate Student Research Fund | |
Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program | |
Wyoming Outfitters and Guides Association | |
Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapahoe Fish and Game Department | |
Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute and Tanzania National Parks | |
Fondation Segré | |
Zoo Dresden | |
Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation | |
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions | 798091 |
National Science Foundation | 2038704, IOS-1656527, IIBR 1915347, IOS2015662, 2019822, IOS-1656642 |
Rufford Foundation | 29681-1 |
LANDTHIRST | ANR-16-CE02-0001-01 |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | EXC 2117 – 422037984, HE 8857/1-1 |
Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS | P4-0059, N1-0163 |
Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy | CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803, CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/19_073/0016944 |
Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja | 451-03-68/2022-14/200178, 200178 |
Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation | GBMF9881 |
Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju | POLNOR/198352/85/2013 |
MORESTEP | 01LC1710A, 01LC1820A |
Natural Environment Research Council | NE/W00190X/1 |
H2020 European Research Council | 641918 |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 80NSSC21K1182 |
Missouri Department of Conservation | PROJECT MO W103-R1 |
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung | 31003A_182286, 310030_204478 |
Illinois Department of Natural Resources | 2038704 9, LTREB 1556248 |
Israel Science Foundation | 396/20 |
Ministerstvo Zemědělství | QK1910462 |
Not added | ANR-16-IDEX-0006 |
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología | 14-INV-208 |
U.S. Department of Agriculture | MSN201473 |
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada | AKW-12, RGPIN-2021-02758 |
Regional Government of Asturias | IDI/2021/000075 |
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food and Slovenian Research Agency | CRP V1-1626 |
National Geographic Society | NGS-82515R-20 |
Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de España | RYC-2015-18932, CGL2017-87528-R |