TY - JOUR
T1 - Bacterial triggers and autoimmune rheumatic diseases
AU - Girschick, Hermann J.
AU - Guilherme, Luiza
AU - Inman, Robert D.
AU - Latsch, Kirsten
AU - Rihl, Markus
AU - Sherer, Yaniv
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
AU - Zeidler, Henning
AU - Arienti, Silvia
AU - Doria, Andrea
PY - 2008
Y1 - 2008
N2 - Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are generally considered as a multifactorial aetiology, mainly genetic susceptibility combined with environmental triggers of which bacteria are considered one of the most prominent. Among the rheumatic diseases where bacterial agents are more clearly involved as triggers are: reactive arthritis (ReA), rheumatic fever (RF) and Lyme disease. The role of bacterial infections in inducing other seronegative spondyloarthritis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has been hypothesized but is still not proven. The classic form of ReA is associated with the presence of HLA-B27 and is triggered by the urethritis or enteritis causing pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and the enterobacteria Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, respectively. But several other pathogens such as Brucella, Leptospira, Mycobacteria, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus have also been reported to cause ReA. RF is due to an autoimmune reaction triggered by an untreated throat infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in susceptible individuals. Carditis is the most serious manifestation of RF and HLA-DR7 is predominantly observed in the development of valvular lesions. Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Knowledge is limited about how this spirochete interacts with human tissues and cells. Some data report that Borrelia burgdorferi can manipulate resident cells towards a pro- but also anti-in-flammatory reaction and persist over a long period of time inside the human body or even inside human cells.
AB - Autoimmune rheumatic diseases are generally considered as a multifactorial aetiology, mainly genetic susceptibility combined with environmental triggers of which bacteria are considered one of the most prominent. Among the rheumatic diseases where bacterial agents are more clearly involved as triggers are: reactive arthritis (ReA), rheumatic fever (RF) and Lyme disease. The role of bacterial infections in inducing other seronegative spondyloarthritis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has been hypothesized but is still not proven. The classic form of ReA is associated with the presence of HLA-B27 and is triggered by the urethritis or enteritis causing pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and the enterobacteria Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia, respectively. But several other pathogens such as Brucella, Leptospira, Mycobacteria, Neisseria, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus have also been reported to cause ReA. RF is due to an autoimmune reaction triggered by an untreated throat infection by Streptococcus pyogenes in susceptible individuals. Carditis is the most serious manifestation of RF and HLA-DR7 is predominantly observed in the development of valvular lesions. Lyme disease is a tick-transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Knowledge is limited about how this spirochete interacts with human tissues and cells. Some data report that Borrelia burgdorferi can manipulate resident cells towards a pro- but also anti-in-flammatory reaction and persist over a long period of time inside the human body or even inside human cells.
KW - Ankylosing spondylitis
KW - Antiphospholipid antibodies
KW - Antiphospholipid syndrome
KW - Infectious diseases
KW - Lyme disease
KW - Reactive arthritis
KW - Rheumatic fever
KW - Rheumatic heart disease
KW - Spondyloarthritis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=42549144062&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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AN - SCOPUS:42549144062
SN - 0392-856X
VL - 26
SP - S12-S17
JO - Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
JF - Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
IS - 1 SUPPL. 48
ER -