Bacterial resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics was rare among children hospitalised for clinical dysentery

Aim: Temporal changes in common pathogens that cause clinical dysentery have been described in Europe. We aimed to describe the distribution of pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in hospitalised Israeli children. Methods: This study retrospectively studied children hospitalised for clinical dysentery, with or without a positive stool culture, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. Results: We diagnosed 137 patients (65% males), with clinical dysentery at a median age of 3.7 (interquartile range 1.5–8.2) years. Stools were cultured in 135 patients (99%), and the results were positive in 101 (76%). These comprised Campylobacter (44%), Shigella sonnei (27%), non-typhoid Salmonella (18%) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (12%). Only one of the 44 Campylobacter cultures was resistant to erythromycin and one of the 12 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli cultures was resistant to ceftriaxone. None of the Salmonella and Shigella cultures were resistant to ceftriaxone or erythromycin. We did not find any pathogens that were associated with a typical clinical presentation or laboratory results on admission. Conclusion: The most common pathogen was Campylobacter, in line with recent European trends. Bacterial resistance for commonly prescribed antibiotics was rare, and these findings support the current European recommendations.