Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in chronic myeloid leukemia treated with interferon-alpha: Differential diagnosis and possible pathogenesis

Interferon-alpha (INF-α) is an effective anti-neoplastic and anti-viral drug. Treatment with INF-α is frequently complicated by adverse effects, which may rarely be immune mediated. We report 2 patients with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who developed autoimmune thrombocytopenia while receiving months of treatment with INF-α. This complication responded well to discontinuation of interferon and administration of steroids treatment. Here, we also summarize the literature on INF-α induced autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and discuss differential diagnosis and possible mechanisms involved in the development of thrombocytopenia during therapy with INF-α.