@article{2d0f64292f454be6940aa94fca3f4655,
title = "AtEHDs in endocytosis",
abstract = "Endocytosis regulates many important and diverse processes in eukaryotic life. EH domain containing proteins function as regulators of endocytosis through protein-protein interactions. Several interactors of mammalian EHDs were identified, including clathrin machinery components. The four human EHD proteins share high homology at the protein level and possess similar domains, but appear to be involved in different stages of intracellular trafficking. EHD1 regulates recycling through the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC). EHD2 has been found to inhibit internalization in mammalians when overexpressed. We have recently investigated the importance of EH domain containing proteins in plant endocytosis. We were able to show that both of the Arabidopsis EHD homologs, termed AtEHD1 and AtEHD2, play important roles in plant endocytosis. Knockdown of AtEHD1 delayed internalization, and overexpression of AtEHD2 inhibited endocytosis. Thus, the function of plant EHDs is highly homologous to that of mammalian EHDs.",
keywords = "EH domain, EHD1, EHD2, Endocytosis, Endosome, Recycling",
author = "Maya Bar and Sigi Benjamin and Mia Horowitz and Adi Avni",
note = "Funding Information: Mammalian and plant EHD1 clearly function in consort with other endocytic/ recycling proteins, as knockdown of EHD1 results only in a mild recycling phenotype, in both plants and mammalians.13,15 EHD2 resides primarily at the plasma membrane. Though the expression level of AtEHD2 is very low under normal conditions, upon overexpression it acts to diminish internal- ization of such “classical” endocytic cargos as FM-4-64 and transferrin, in plant and mammalian cells respectively.11,15 Plant EHD2 most likely inhibits the clathrin-dependent pathway,15,27 though it could possibly affect other path- ways as well. Our recent unpublished results suggest that plant EHD2 inhibits endocytosis of other receptors upon overexpression, including LRR-Receptor like proteins in plant cells. (Bar M and Avni A, unpublished). We have previously shown28 that signaling of the tomato LeEIX receptor requires the endocytic process. This signaling induces programmed cell death. There is a possibility that plant EHD2 controls LeEIX signaling via modulation of its endocytosis, thereby limiting the level of the response. Plant EHD2 may also serve to modulate other signaling processes in which endocytosis is involved. For example, plant EHD2 may regulate auxin signaling via regulation of PIN receptor endocytosis which is clathrin dependent.27This could indicate that plant EHD2 is part of a more general ubiqui- tous control mechanism of signaling/inhibition associated with receptor mediated endocytosis, and is currently being investigated further. EHD2 was found to be coupled to the actin cytoskeleton in mammalians.11,29 Our recent evidence suggests that this is the case in plants as well (Bar M and Avni A, unpublished). The picture that emerges from all these data indicates that EHD2 has a crucial function in receptor mediated endocytosis and signaling in eukaryotic cells. It is Acknowledgements not clear at this point how EHD2 exerts this function under native This work was partly supported by German-Israeli BioDisc conditions, but one clue could be that it possesses plasma membrane program (to A.A. and M.H.) and by the Israel Science Foundation and not endosomal localization in both mammalian (Benjamin S administrated by the Israel Academy of Science and Humanities No and Horwitz M, unpublished results) and plant cells.11,15 Perhaps 294/07 and Research Grant Award No 3922-06R from BARD, The fluctuations in local concentration of EHDBioscience. 2 at micro-domains United States-Israel Binational Agriculture Research and Development",
year = "2008",
month = nov,
doi = "10.4161/psb.6708",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "3",
pages = "1008--1010",
journal = "Plant Signaling and Behavior",
issn = "1559-2316",
publisher = "Landes Bioscience",
number = "11",
}