Assessment of Rotor Tonal Noise in the Time and Frequency Domains with Small in Diameter Propellers

Aeroacoustic signatures of rotating machines exhibit a complex blend of tonal and broadband components. While extensive efforts have been devoted to modelling tonal components of smallin-diameter rotors, most models focus on the frequency domain, whereas the time domain models remain underexplored. Despite the inherent advantage of the models in the frequency domain, they fall short in near-field accuracy. This limitation becomes particularly significant in comparison with experimental data. This study addresses these challenges by reconstructing acoustic pressure based on instantaneous measurements of aerodynamic loads in the time domain.