TY - JOUR
T1 - Antiphospholipid syndrome in the era of COVID-19 – Two sides of a coin
AU - Mahroum, Naim
AU - Habra, Mona
AU - Alrifaai, Mohamad Aosama
AU - Shoenfeld, Yehuda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2024/9
Y1 - 2024/9
N2 - In addition to the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, the disease has consistently been linked to many autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS in particular was of paramount significance due to its devastating clinical sequela. In fact, the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with acute COVID-19 and the critical role of anticoagulant treatment in affected individuals shed light on the possible relatedness between APS and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of autoimmunity in the assumed association is not less important especially with the accumulated data available regarding the autoimmunity-triggering effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is furtherly strengthened at the time patients with COVID-19 manifested antiphospholipid antibodies of different types following infection. Additionally, the severe form of the APS spectrum, catastrophic APS (CAPS), was shown to have overlapping characteristics with severe COVID-19 such as cytokine storm and multi-organ failure. Interestingly, COVID vaccine-induced autoimmune phenomena described in the medical literature have pointed to an association with APS. Whether the antiphospholipid antibodies were present or de novo, COVID vaccine-induced vascular thrombosis in certain individuals necessitates further investigations regarding the possible mechanisms involved. In our current paper, we aimed to focus on the associations mentioned, their implications, importance, and consequences.
AB - In addition to the respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, the disease has consistently been linked to many autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS in particular was of paramount significance due to its devastating clinical sequela. In fact, the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with acute COVID-19 and the critical role of anticoagulant treatment in affected individuals shed light on the possible relatedness between APS and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of autoimmunity in the assumed association is not less important especially with the accumulated data available regarding the autoimmunity-triggering effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is furtherly strengthened at the time patients with COVID-19 manifested antiphospholipid antibodies of different types following infection. Additionally, the severe form of the APS spectrum, catastrophic APS (CAPS), was shown to have overlapping characteristics with severe COVID-19 such as cytokine storm and multi-organ failure. Interestingly, COVID vaccine-induced autoimmune phenomena described in the medical literature have pointed to an association with APS. Whether the antiphospholipid antibodies were present or de novo, COVID vaccine-induced vascular thrombosis in certain individuals necessitates further investigations regarding the possible mechanisms involved. In our current paper, we aimed to focus on the associations mentioned, their implications, importance, and consequences.
KW - Antiphospholipid syndrome
KW - Autoantibodies
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - COVID-19
KW - Hypercoagulability
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85190744466&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103543
DO - 10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103543
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C2 - 38604461
AN - SCOPUS:85190744466
SN - 1568-9972
VL - 23
JO - Autoimmunity Reviews
JF - Autoimmunity Reviews
IS - 9
M1 - 103543
ER -