TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-herpesvirus prophylaxis, pre-emptive treatment or no treatment in adults undergoing allogeneic transplant for haematological disease
T2 - systematic review and meta-analysis
AU - Beyar-Katz, O.
AU - Bitterman, R.
AU - Zuckerman, T.
AU - Ofran, Y.
AU - Yahav, D.
AU - Paul, M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
PY - 2020/2
Y1 - 2020/2
N2 - Background: Herpesviridae infections incur significant morbidity and indirect effects on mortality among allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. Objectives: To study the effects of antiviral prevention strategies among haemato-oncological individuals undergoing allo-HCT. Data sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS. We further searched for conference proceedings and trial registries. Study eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Participants: Adults with haematological malignancy undergoing allo-HCT. Interventions: Antiviral prophylaxis versus no treatment/placebo or pre-emptive treatment and pre-emptive treatment versus prophylaxis with the same agent. Methods: Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted computing pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI and the inconsistency measure (I2). The certainty of the evidence was appraised by GRADE. Results: We included 22 RCTs. Antiviral prophylaxis reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.7–0.99; 15 trials, I2 = 0%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.85; n = 15, I2 = 20%) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.2–0.43; n = 13, I2 = 18%) compared with no treatment/placebo or pre-emptive treatment, all with high-certainty evidence. Furthermore, antivirals reduced HSV infection, CMV pneumonitis, CMV infection and varicella zoster virus disease. Anti-CMV prophylaxis (+/– pre-emptive treatment) compared with pre-emptive treatment alone reduced non-significantly all-cause mortality (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.6–1.02; n = 8, I2 = 0%), CMV disease (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97; n = 9, I2 = 30%) and HSV disease (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.67; n = 4, I2 = 0%) with high-certainty evidence, as well as CMV and HSV infections. Antiviral prophylaxis did not result in increased adverse event rates overall or more discontinuation due to adverse events. Conclusions: Antiviral prophylaxis directed against herpesviruses is highly effective and safe, reducing mortality, HSV and CMV disease, as well as herpesvirus reactivations among allo-HCT recipients. Anti-CMV prophylaxis is more effective than pre-emptive treatment alone with respect to HSV and CMV disease and infection.
AB - Background: Herpesviridae infections incur significant morbidity and indirect effects on mortality among allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. Objectives: To study the effects of antiviral prevention strategies among haemato-oncological individuals undergoing allo-HCT. Data sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase and LILACS. We further searched for conference proceedings and trial registries. Study eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Participants: Adults with haematological malignancy undergoing allo-HCT. Interventions: Antiviral prophylaxis versus no treatment/placebo or pre-emptive treatment and pre-emptive treatment versus prophylaxis with the same agent. Methods: Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted computing pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% CI and the inconsistency measure (I2). The certainty of the evidence was appraised by GRADE. Results: We included 22 RCTs. Antiviral prophylaxis reduced all-cause mortality (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.7–0.99; 15 trials, I2 = 0%), cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34–0.85; n = 15, I2 = 20%) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.2–0.43; n = 13, I2 = 18%) compared with no treatment/placebo or pre-emptive treatment, all with high-certainty evidence. Furthermore, antivirals reduced HSV infection, CMV pneumonitis, CMV infection and varicella zoster virus disease. Anti-CMV prophylaxis (+/– pre-emptive treatment) compared with pre-emptive treatment alone reduced non-significantly all-cause mortality (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.6–1.02; n = 8, I2 = 0%), CMV disease (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.97; n = 9, I2 = 30%) and HSV disease (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.67; n = 4, I2 = 0%) with high-certainty evidence, as well as CMV and HSV infections. Antiviral prophylaxis did not result in increased adverse event rates overall or more discontinuation due to adverse events. Conclusions: Antiviral prophylaxis directed against herpesviruses is highly effective and safe, reducing mortality, HSV and CMV disease, as well as herpesvirus reactivations among allo-HCT recipients. Anti-CMV prophylaxis is more effective than pre-emptive treatment alone with respect to HSV and CMV disease and infection.
KW - Allogeneic stem cell transplant
KW - Anti-herpesvirus treatment
KW - Haematological disease
KW - Pre-emptive
KW - Prophylaxis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073543318&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.003
DO - 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.003
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C2 - 31536817
AN - SCOPUS:85073543318
SN - 1198-743X
VL - 26
SP - 189
EP - 198
JO - Clinical Microbiology and Infection
JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection
IS - 2
ER -