Aging cremated infants: The problem of sacrifice at the Tophet of Carthage

P. Smith*, G. Avishai, J. A. Greene, L. E. Stager

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

32 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Greeks and Romans reproached the Phoenicians for the sacrifice of infants, and the excavation of cremated infants at 'Tophets' (named after the sacrificial site in Jerusalem mentioned in the Bible) seems to bear this out. However, the argument for infant sacrifice depends largely on a skewed age profile, and age is not easy to determine. The authors approach this problem with a battery of new techniques, showing that in the Tophet of Carthage the majority of the infants died between one and one and a half months. Sacrifice was thus very probable.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)859-874
Number of pages16
JournalAntiquity
Volume85
Issue number329
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2011
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Age estimations
  • Carthage
  • Cremation
  • Deciduous teeth
  • Infant burials
  • Tophet

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