TY - JOUR
T1 - Age, gender, and education are associated with cognitive performance in an older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes
AU - Guerrero-Berroa, Elizabeth
AU - Ravona-Springer, Ramit
AU - Schmeidler, James
AU - Silverman, Jeremy M.
AU - Sano, Mary
AU - Koifmann, Keren
AU - Preiss, Rachel
AU - Hoffman, Hadas
AU - Heymann, Anthony
AU - Schnaider Beeri, Michal
PY - 2014/3
Y1 - 2014/3
N2 - Objective To evaluate the relationships of age, education, and gender with performance on neuropsychological tests in a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We examined 862 participants, 65-84 years old, enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study. Multiple regression assessed associations of performance on 17 neuropsychological tests, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery, with age, education, and gender. Results Higher education and younger age were consistently associated with better performance. Women outperformed men on all memory tasks; men outperformed women on two non-verbal measures. These patterns of demographic associations with cognitive performance were very similar to those of US cohorts. Conclusions In a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with T2D, better test performance is associated primarily with higher education, followed by younger age and gender differences. Although T2D is associated with cognitive deficits, it recapitulates the patterns of relationships between cognitive performance and demographic characteristics seen in non-T2D diabetic samples.
AB - Objective To evaluate the relationships of age, education, and gender with performance on neuropsychological tests in a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We examined 862 participants, 65-84 years old, enrolled in the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline study. Multiple regression assessed associations of performance on 17 neuropsychological tests, including the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological battery, with age, education, and gender. Results Higher education and younger age were consistently associated with better performance. Women outperformed men on all memory tasks; men outperformed women on two non-verbal measures. These patterns of demographic associations with cognitive performance were very similar to those of US cohorts. Conclusions In a cognitively intact, older Israeli sample with T2D, better test performance is associated primarily with higher education, followed by younger age and gender differences. Although T2D is associated with cognitive deficits, it recapitulates the patterns of relationships between cognitive performance and demographic characteristics seen in non-T2D diabetic samples.
KW - CERAD
KW - cognitive functioning
KW - demographics
KW - diabetes
KW - neuropsychology
KW - older adults
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893948425&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/gps.4008
DO - 10.1002/gps.4008
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C2 - 23925856
AN - SCOPUS:84893948425
VL - 29
SP - 299
EP - 309
JO - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
JF - International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
SN - 0885-6230
IS - 3
ER -