Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface

Kai Pang; M. Zahirul Alam; Yiyu Zhou; Cong Liu; Orad Reshef; Karapet Manukyan; Matt Voegtle; Anuj Pennathur; Cindy Tseng; Xinzhou Su; Hao Song; Zhe Zhao; Runzhou Zhang; Haoqian Song; Nanzhe Hu; Ahmed Almaiman; Jahan M. Dawlaty; Robert W. Boyd; Moshe Tur; Alan E. Willner

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00550

Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface

Kai Pang^*, M. Zahirul Alam, Yiyu Zhou, Cong Liu, Orad Reshef, Karapet Manukyan, Matt Voegtle, Anuj Pennathur, Cindy Tseng, Xinzhou Su, Hao Song, Zhe Zhao, Runzhou Zhang, Haoqian Song, Nanzhe Hu, Ahmed Almaiman, Jahan M. Dawlaty, Robert W. Boyd, Moshe Tur, Alan E. Willner

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Electrical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

51 Scopus citations

Abstract

A time-dependent change in the refractive index of a material leads to a change in the frequency of an optical beam passing through that medium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this effect - known as adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) - can be significantly enhanced by a nonlinear epsilon-near-zero-based (ENZ-based) plasmonic metasurface. Specifically, by using a 63-nm-thick metasurface, we demonstrate a large, tunable, and broadband frequency shift of up to μ11.2 THz with a pump intensity of 4 GW/cm2. Our results represent a decrease of μ10 times in device thickness and 120 times in pump peak intensity compared with the cases of bare, thicker ENZ materials for the similar amount of frequency shift. Our findings might potentially provide insights for designing efficient time-varying metasurfaces for the manipulation of ultrafast pulses.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	5907-5913
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nano Letters
Volume	21
Issue number	14
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00550
State	Published - 28 Jul 2021

Funding

Funders	Funder number
U.S. National Library of Medicine	W911NF-18-0369
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada	RGPIN/2017-06880
Canada Research Chairs
Canada First Research Excellence Fund

Keywords

dynamic resonance
epsilon-near-zero metasurface
indium-tin oxide
nonlinear frequency shift
nonlinear optical materials
time-varying refractive index

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10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00550

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Pang, K., Alam, M. Z., Zhou, Y., Liu, C., Reshef, O., Manukyan, K., Voegtle, M., Pennathur, A., Tseng, C., Su, X., Song, H., Zhao, Z., Zhang, R., Song, H., Hu, N., Almaiman, A., Dawlaty, J. M., Boyd, R. W., Tur, M., & Willner, A. E. (2021). Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface. Nano Letters, 21(14), 5907-5913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00550

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title = "Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface",

abstract = "A time-dependent change in the refractive index of a material leads to a change in the frequency of an optical beam passing through that medium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this effect - known as adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) - can be significantly enhanced by a nonlinear epsilon-near-zero-based (ENZ-based) plasmonic metasurface. Specifically, by using a 63-nm-thick metasurface, we demonstrate a large, tunable, and broadband frequency shift of up to μ11.2 THz with a pump intensity of 4 GW/cm2. Our results represent a decrease of μ10 times in device thickness and 120 times in pump peak intensity compared with the cases of bare, thicker ENZ materials for the similar amount of frequency shift. Our findings might potentially provide insights for designing efficient time-varying metasurfaces for the manipulation of ultrafast pulses.",

keywords = "dynamic resonance, epsilon-near-zero metasurface, indium-tin oxide, nonlinear frequency shift, nonlinear optical materials, time-varying refractive index",

author = "Kai Pang and Alam, {M. Zahirul} and Yiyu Zhou and Cong Liu and Orad Reshef and Karapet Manukyan and Matt Voegtle and Anuj Pennathur and Cindy Tseng and Xinzhou Su and Hao Song and Zhe Zhao and Runzhou Zhang and Haoqian Song and Nanzhe Hu and Ahmed Almaiman and Dawlaty, {Jahan M.} and Boyd, {Robert W.} and Moshe Tur and Willner, {Alan E.}",

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Pang, K, Alam, MZ, Zhou, Y, Liu, C, Reshef, O, Manukyan, K, Voegtle, M, Pennathur, A, Tseng, C, Su, X, Song, H, Zhao, Z, Zhang, R, Song, H, Hu, N, Almaiman, A, Dawlaty, JM, Boyd, RW, Tur, M & Willner, AE 2021, 'Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface', Nano Letters, vol. 21, no. 14, pp. 5907-5913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00550

TY - JOUR

T1 - Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface

AU - Pang, Kai

AU - Alam, M. Zahirul

AU - Zhou, Yiyu

AU - Liu, Cong

AU - Reshef, Orad

AU - Manukyan, Karapet

AU - Voegtle, Matt

AU - Pennathur, Anuj

AU - Tseng, Cindy

AU - Su, Xinzhou

AU - Song, Hao

AU - Zhao, Zhe

AU - Zhang, Runzhou

AU - Song, Haoqian

AU - Hu, Nanzhe

AU - Almaiman, Ahmed

AU - Dawlaty, Jahan M.

AU - Boyd, Robert W.

AU - Tur, Moshe

AU - Willner, Alan E.

PY - 2021/7/28

Y1 - 2021/7/28

N2 - A time-dependent change in the refractive index of a material leads to a change in the frequency of an optical beam passing through that medium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this effect - known as adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) - can be significantly enhanced by a nonlinear epsilon-near-zero-based (ENZ-based) plasmonic metasurface. Specifically, by using a 63-nm-thick metasurface, we demonstrate a large, tunable, and broadband frequency shift of up to μ11.2 THz with a pump intensity of 4 GW/cm2. Our results represent a decrease of μ10 times in device thickness and 120 times in pump peak intensity compared with the cases of bare, thicker ENZ materials for the similar amount of frequency shift. Our findings might potentially provide insights for designing efficient time-varying metasurfaces for the manipulation of ultrafast pulses.

AB - A time-dependent change in the refractive index of a material leads to a change in the frequency of an optical beam passing through that medium. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that this effect - known as adiabatic frequency conversion (AFC) - can be significantly enhanced by a nonlinear epsilon-near-zero-based (ENZ-based) plasmonic metasurface. Specifically, by using a 63-nm-thick metasurface, we demonstrate a large, tunable, and broadband frequency shift of up to μ11.2 THz with a pump intensity of 4 GW/cm2. Our results represent a decrease of μ10 times in device thickness and 120 times in pump peak intensity compared with the cases of bare, thicker ENZ materials for the similar amount of frequency shift. Our findings might potentially provide insights for designing efficient time-varying metasurfaces for the manipulation of ultrafast pulses.

KW - dynamic resonance

KW - epsilon-near-zero metasurface

KW - indium-tin oxide

KW - nonlinear frequency shift

KW - nonlinear optical materials

KW - time-varying refractive index

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JO - Nano Letters

JF - Nano Letters

IS - 14

ER -

Adiabatic Frequency Conversion Using a Time-Varying Epsilon-Near-Zero Metasurface

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