TY - JOUR
T1 - Adaptive immune response to BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in immunocompromised adolescent patients
AU - Bader, Guy
AU - Itan, Michal
AU - Edry-Botzer, Liat
AU - Cohen, Hadar
AU - Haskin, Orly
AU - Mozer-Glassberg, Yael
AU - Harel, Liora
AU - Munitz, Ariel
AU - Mandelblit, Nufar Marcus
AU - Gerlic, Motti
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2023 Bader, Itan, Edry-Botzer, Cohen, Haskin, Mozer-Glassberg, Harel, Munitz, Mandelblit and Gerlic.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Protective immunity against COVID-19 is orchestrated by an intricate network of innate and adaptive anti-viral immune responses. Several vaccines have been rapidly developed to combat the destructive effects of COVID-19, which initiate an immunological cascade that results in the generation of neutralizing antibodies and effector T cells towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Developing optimal vaccine-induced anti-SARS- CoV-2 protective immunity depends on a fully competent immune response. Some evidence was gathered on the effects of vaccination outcomes in immunocompromised adult individuals. Nonetheless, protective immunity elicited by the Pfizer Biontech BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised adolescents received less attention and was mainly focused on the antibody response and their neutralization potential. The overall immune response, including T-cell activities, was largely understudied. In this study, we characterized the immune response of vaccinated immunocompromised adolescents. We found that immunocompromised adolescents, which may fail to elicit a humoral response and develop antibodies, may still develop cellular T-cell immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, most immunocompromised adolescents due to genetic disorders or drugs (Kidney and liver transplantation) still develop either humoral, cellular or both arms of immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also demonstrate that most patients could mount a cellular or humoral response even after six months post 2nd vaccination. The findings that adolescents immunocompromised patients respond to some extent to vaccination are promising. Finally, they question the necessity for additional vaccination boosting regimens for this population who are not at high risk for severe disease, without further testing of their post-vaccination immune status.
AB - Protective immunity against COVID-19 is orchestrated by an intricate network of innate and adaptive anti-viral immune responses. Several vaccines have been rapidly developed to combat the destructive effects of COVID-19, which initiate an immunological cascade that results in the generation of neutralizing antibodies and effector T cells towards the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Developing optimal vaccine-induced anti-SARS- CoV-2 protective immunity depends on a fully competent immune response. Some evidence was gathered on the effects of vaccination outcomes in immunocompromised adult individuals. Nonetheless, protective immunity elicited by the Pfizer Biontech BNT162b2 vaccine in immunocompromised adolescents received less attention and was mainly focused on the antibody response and their neutralization potential. The overall immune response, including T-cell activities, was largely understudied. In this study, we characterized the immune response of vaccinated immunocompromised adolescents. We found that immunocompromised adolescents, which may fail to elicit a humoral response and develop antibodies, may still develop cellular T-cell immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. Furthermore, most immunocompromised adolescents due to genetic disorders or drugs (Kidney and liver transplantation) still develop either humoral, cellular or both arms of immunity towards SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also demonstrate that most patients could mount a cellular or humoral response even after six months post 2nd vaccination. The findings that adolescents immunocompromised patients respond to some extent to vaccination are promising. Finally, they question the necessity for additional vaccination boosting regimens for this population who are not at high risk for severe disease, without further testing of their post-vaccination immune status.
KW - COVID-19
KW - adaptive immunity
KW - immunodeficiency - primary
KW - transplantation
KW - vaccination
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85152345708&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131965
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131965
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C2 - 37051242
AN - SCOPUS:85152345708
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 14
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 1131965
ER -