@article{63ebbeb7ed534c928a6a2fe766645190,
title = "A randomized controlled trial of gaze-contingent music reward therapy for major depressive disorder",
abstract = "Background: Heightened attention allocation toward negative-valanced information and reduced attention allocation toward positive-valanced information represent viable targets for attention bias modification in major depressive disorder. Accordingly, we conducted a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of a novel gaze-contingent attention bias modification procedure for major depressive disorder. Method: Sixty patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either eight training sessions of feedback-based gaze-contingent music reward therapy designed to divert patients{\textquoteright} gaze toward positive over sad stimuli, or to a control condition which entailed eight sessions of gaze-noncontingent music. Clinician-rated and self-reported measures of depression, and proportion of dwell-time on sad faces, were assessed pretreatment, posttreatment, and at a 3-month follow-up. Results: Gaze-contingent music reward therapy produced a greater reduction in dwell-time on sad faces compared with the control condition, but it failed to generalize to novel faces. Both groups manifested similarly significant reductions in depression symptoms from pre- to posttreatment that were maintained at follow-up. Exploratory analyses suggest that first-episode patients may benefit more from this therapy than patients with a history of multiple episodes. Conclusions: Gaze-contingent music reward therapy can modify attention biases in depression, but clear differential clinical effects did not emerge. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.",
keywords = "attention, attention allocation, attention bias, attention bias modification, depression, eye tracking, major depressive disorder",
author = "Dana Shamai-Leshem and Amit Lazarov and Pine, {Daniel S.} and Yair Bar-Haim",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC",
year = "2020",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1002/da.23089",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "38",
pages = "134--145",
journal = "Depression and Anxiety",
issn = "1091-4269",
publisher = "John Wiley and Sons Inc.",
number = "2",
}