A nomogram of clinical and biologic factors to predict survival in children newly diagnosed with high-risk neuroblastoma: An International Neuroblastoma Risk Group project

Lucas Moreno, Dongjing Guo, Meredith S. Irwin, Frank Berthold, Michael Hogarty, Takehiko Kamijo, Daniel Morgenstern, Claudia Pasqualini, Shifra Ash, Ulrike Potschger, Ruth Ladenstein, Dominique Valteau-Couanet, Susan L. Cohn, Andrew D.J. Pearson, Wendy B. London*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

36 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Long-term outcome remains poor for children with high-risk neuroblastoma (five-year overall survival [OS] ∼50%). Our objectives were to (a) identify prognostic biomarkers and apply them in a nomogram to identify the subgroup of ultra-high-risk patients at highest risk of disease progression/death, for whom novel frontline therapy is urgently needed; and (b) validate the nomogram in an independent cohort. Methods: A total of 1820 high-risk patients (≥18 months old with metastatic neuroblastoma), diagnosed 1998-2015, from the International Neuroblastoma Risk Groups (INRG) Data Commons were analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. Using multivariable Cox regression of OS from diagnosis, a nomogram was created from prognostic biomarkers to predict three-year OS. External validation was performed using the SIOPEN HR-NBL1 trial cohort (n = 521), evidenced by receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The nomogram, including MYCN status (P < 0.0001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.0007), and presence of bone marrow metastases (P = 0.004), had robust performance and was validated. Applying the nomogram at diagnosis (a) gives prognosis of an individual patient and (b) identifies patients predicted to have poor outcome (three-year OS was 30% ± 5% for patients with a nomogram score of > 82 points; 58% ± 1% for those ≤82 points). Median follow-up time was 5.5 years (range, 0-14.1). Conclusions: In high-risk neuroblastoma, a novel, publicly available nomogram using prognostic biomarkers (MYCN status, LDH, presence of bone marrow metastases; https://neuroblastoma.shinyapps.io/High-Risk-Neuroblastoma-Nomogram/) has the flexibility to apply a clinically suitable and context-specific cutoff to identify patients at highest risk of death. This will facilitate testing urgently needed new frontline treatment options to improve outcome for these children.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere28794
JournalPediatric Blood and Cancer
Volume68
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Mar 2021
Externally publishedYes

Funding

FundersFunder number
William Guy Forbeck Research Foundation
Children’s Oncology Group
Italian Neuroblastoma Group
Spanish Neuroblastoma Group
WBL
Children's Neuroblastoma Cancer Foundation
International Society of Paediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma Group
European Neuroblastoma Study Group
Japanese Advanced Neuroblastoma Study Group
Japanese Infantile Neuroblastoma Cooperative Study Group
Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation for Childhood Cancer
Little Heroes Cancer Research Fund
Super Jake Foundation
Children's Cancer Study Group
Little Heroes Pediatric Cancer Research Foundation
Not added19H03625
Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIJR15/00041

    Keywords

    • biomarkers
    • high-risk neuroblastoma
    • nomogram
    • prognostic factors
    • risk stratification
    • ultra-high-risk

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