A new cardiac phantom for dynamic SPECT

Background: In recent years, with the advance of myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurement capability in dynamic single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) systems, significant effort has been devoted to validation of the new capability. Unfortunately, the mechanical phantoms available for the validation process lack essential features—they either have a constant radiotracer concentration or they have rigid (static) walls unable to simulate cardiac beating. Methods and Results: We have developed a mechanical cardiac phantom that is able to mimic physiological radiotracer variation in the left ventricle (LV) cavity and in the myocardium (M), while performing beating-like motion. We have also developed a mathematical model of the phantom, allowing a description of the radiotracer concentrations in both regions (LV, M) as a function of time, which served as a tool for experiment planning and to accurately mimic physiological-like time-activity curves (TACs). A net retention model for the phantom was also developed, which served to compute the theoretical (i.e., expected) MBF of the phantom from measured quantities only, and thus validate the MBF reported by the SPECT system. In this paper, phantom experiments were performed on a GE Discovery NM 530c SPECT system. Conclusions: A novel dynamic cardiac phantom for emission tomography has been developed. The new phantom is capable of producing a wide range of TACs that can mimic physiological (and potentially in the future, pathological) curves, similar to those observed in dynamic SPECT systems. SPECT-reported MBF values were validated against known (measured) activity of the injected radiotracer from phantom experiments, which allowed to determine the accuracy of the GE Discovery 530c SPECT system.