@article{b18a9bc484954d4fa3e708920a7775e7,
title = "A multi-wavelength investigation of the radio-loud supernova PTF11qcj and its circumstellar environment",
abstract = "We present the discovery, classification, and extensive panchromatic (from radio to X-ray) follow-up observations of PTF11qcj, a supernova (SN) discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). Our observations with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array show that this event is radio-loud: PTF11qcj reached a radio peak luminosity comparable to that of the famous gamma-ray-burst-associated SN 1998bw (L 5 GHz 1029 erg s-1 Hz-1). PTF11qcj is also detected in X-rays with the Chandra Observatory, and in the infrared band with Spitzer. Our multi-wavelength analysis probes the SN interaction with circumstellar material. The radio observations suggest a progenitor mass-loss rate of 10-4 M yr-1 × (vw /1000 km s-1), and a velocity of 0.3-0.5 c for the fastest moving ejecta (at 10 days after explosion). However, these estimates are derived assuming the simplest model of SN ejecta interacting with a smooth circumstellar wind, and do not account for possible inhomogeneities in the medium and asphericity of the explosion. The radio data show deviations from such a simple model, as well as a late-time re-brightening. The X-ray flux from PTF11qcj is compatible with the high-frequency extrapolation of the radio synchrotron emission (within the large uncertainties). A light echo from pre-existing dust is in agreement with our infrared data. Our pre-explosion data from the PTF suggest that a precursor eruption of absolute magnitude Mr -13 mag may have occurred 2.5 yr prior to the SN explosion. Overall, PTF11qcj fits the expectations from the explosion of a Wolf-Rayet star. Precursor eruptions may be a feature characterizing the final pre-explosion evolution of such stars.",
keywords = "supernovae: general, supernovae: individual (PTF11qcj)",
author = "A. Corsi and Ofek, {E. O.} and A. Gal-Yam and Frail, {D. A.} and Kulkarni, {S. R.} and Fox, {D. B.} and Kasliwal, {M. M.} and M. Sullivan and A. Horesh and J. Carpenter and K. Maguire and I. Arcavi and Cenko, {S. B.} and Y. Cao and K. Mooley and Pan, {Y. C.} and B. Sesar and A. Sternberg and D. Xu and D. Bersier and P. James and Bloom, {J. S.} and Nugent, {P. E.}",
year = "2014",
month = feb,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/42",
language = "אנגלית",
volume = "782",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "1",
}