3, 4‑二氨基‑5‑(3, 4‑二氨基‑1, 2, 4‑三唑‑5‑基)‑1, 2, 4‑三唑及其含能离子盐的合成及性能

Herein, two energetic salts, 3, 4‑diamino‑5‑(3, 4‑diamino‑1, 2, 4‑triazol‑5‑yl)‑1, 2, 4‑triazolium perchlorate (2) and 3, 4‑diamino‑5‑(3, 4‑diamino‑1, 2, 4‑triazole‑5‑yl)‑1, 2, 4‑triazolium nitrate (3), were prepared by neutralization reaction of 3, 4‑diamino‑5‑(3, 4‑diamino‑1, 2, 4‑triazol‑5‑yl)‑1, 2, 4‑triazole (1) with perchloric acid and nitric acid, respectively. The suitable single crystals of 2 and 3 were obtained and the crystal structures were measured by single crystal X‑ray diffraction analysis. In the crystal structure of 2, each cation interacted with 12 adjacent perchlorates anions through hydrogen bonding. Layer structures were formed by the cations of protonated 1. Perchlorate anions were embedded into two nearby layers. In the crystal structure of 3, each cation interacted with 10 nearby nitrates through hydrogen bonding. Layer structures were built by the cations and nitrates. The thermal stabilities of 2 and 3 were measured by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TG). Compounds 2 and 3 had ultra‑high thermal stabilities, and their thermal decomposition temperatures were 338.3 ℃ and 289.8 ℃, respectively. In addition, the calculated detonation velocity and specific impulse of 2 were 8308 m·s^-1 and 250.3 s, respectively, indicating 3 shows excellent energetic properties. Compound 3 had excellent mechanical sensitivity. The values of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity were higher than 20 J and 360 N, respectively.