כף רגל סוכרתית בישראל – תמונת מצב ותוכניות לעתיד

Diabetic foot ulcers and amputations are the most dreaded diabetes complications. The annual incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in Israel is estimated at 1.8% of all patients with diabetes. The number of patients with diabetes undergoing major amputation in the recent decade has been relatively stable in Israel, and in 2018, 887 patients with diabetes had undergone a major amputation. The proportion of patients undergoing a vascular intervention in the year prior to a major amputation has remained steady over the recent decade, and ranges between 20-40% depending on the patient's age. Aiming to reduce amputation rate, efforts should be made at three levels: 1) Primary care - increasing awareness of patients and health care teams to diabetic foot complications, the means to avoid them, and the delivery of preliminary care. Efforts to further increase awareness should be undertaken. Identification of the foot at-risk and incorporation of professional teams in the care of these patients, as well as provision of appropriate preventive offloading footwear should be sought. 2) Secondary clinics - these multidisciplinary clinics tend to all complications which cannot be adequately addressed in primary care. The professional standard of these clinics should be determined, and the access to these clinics improved. Adequate equipment in these clinics is mandatory as well. 3) Tertiary hospitals - care for the patients who require hospitalization. A national standard for inpatient diabetic foot care should be implemented and multi-disciplinary departments incorporating internists, orthopedists and vascular surgeons should be established aiming to address the medical and surgical complexity of these patients. Qualified nursing staff as well as additional health care professionals including physiotherapists, dieticians, clinical pharmacists, social workers, occupational therapists and others should also be included. Documentation of diabetic foot ulcers is lacking, both in the community and in hospitals. Use of uniform diagnostic codes should be implemented to enable close monitoring of disease trends.